Р.М. Хантемиров
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Хантемиров Рашит Мигатович – доктор биол. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории естественнонаучных методов в гуманитарных исследованиях Уральского гуманитарного института Уральского федерального университета, ул. Мира, 19, г. Екатеринбург, Российская Федерация, 620002; ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории дендрохронологии Института экологии растений и животных УрО РАН, ул. 8 Марта, 202, г. Екатеринбург, Российская Федерация, 620144, ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3033-8312, e-mail: rashit@ipae.uran.ru.
Событие Мияке – это быстрый и значительный рост содержания радиоуглерода в атмосфере Земли. Впервые такое событие описали японские исследователи из университета Нагои, используя в качестве индикатора древесные кольца. Они обнаружили скачок радиоактивного изотопа углерода в кольце 775 года по сравнению с кольцом 774 года. Впоследствии все такие события стали называть по имени первого автора основополагающей статьи. К настоящему времени обнаружено пять событий Мияке: около 12350 г. до н.э., в 7176 и 5259 г. до н.э., в 775 и 993 г. н.э. Менее выражены и требуют подтверждения события 5410 г. до н.э., 1052 и 1279 г. н.э. Среди возможных причин резкого увеличения содержания радиоуглерода в атмосфере предполагались падение кометы на Землю или на Солнце, короткий гамма-всплеск, вспышка сверхновой. Но наиболее правдоподобным источником считается поток высокоэнергетических частиц в результате сверхмощной вспышки на Солнце. Такие солнечные события должны приводить к появлению полярных сияний в низких широтах. Однако, в летописях Европы, Ближнего и Дальнего Востока не обнаружены достоверные упоминания полярных сияний в годы событий Мияке. В настоящее время события Мияке используются во многих областях науки, в том числе для проверки надежности дендрохронологических датировок, для точной датировки слоев ледовых колонок. Но наиболее важным считается открывшаяся возможность радиоуглеродного датирования с точностью до года.
события Мияке, древесные кольца, радиоуглерод, сверхмощные солнечные вспышки, радиоуглеродное датирование, полярные сияния
Хантемиров Р. М. События Мияке: обзор современного состояния исследований / Р. М. Хантемиров // Лесотехнический журнал. – 2023. – Т. 13. – № 4 (52). – Ч. 2. – С. 174–211. – Библиогр.: с. 200–211 (96 назв.). – DOI: https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/23.
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